Early Signs & Symptoms of HIV

Recognizing acute HIV infection symptoms can save lives
Important: Not everyone with HIV develops early symptoms. Testing is the only way to know for sure.

Acute HIV Infection (2-4 Weeks After Exposure)

About 40-90% of people experience flu-like symptoms during acute HIV infection, often called Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS). These symptoms occur as your body mounts an immune response to the virus. Many people mistake these for common flu, which is why they often go unrecognized.

Common Early Symptoms:

Fever & Chills High fever (38-40°C / 100-104°F) lasting several days, often with night sweats
Severe Fatigue Extreme tiredness that doesn't improve with rest, affecting daily activities
Sore Throat Severe throat pain, sometimes with white patches or ulcers
Swollen Lymph Nodes Enlarged glands in neck, armpits, or groin lasting weeks
Skin Rash Red or pink rash on chest, back, face, or arms (non-itchy)
Muscle & Joint Pain Body aches similar to flu, affecting muscles and joints
Headache Persistent severe headaches that don't respond well to pain relievers
Digestive Issues Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite

Timeline & Duration

  • Onset: 2-4 weeks after infection Symptoms typically appear 10-14 days post-exposure, sometimes up to 4 weeks
  • Duration: 1-2 weeks Acute symptoms usually resolve on their own within 7-14 days
  • High Viral Load During This Period You are extremely contagious during acute infection even if symptoms are mild

When to Seek Immediate Testing:

  •   If you develop flu-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after potential HIV exposure
  •   If symptoms are severe or last longer than 2 weeks
  •   If your sexual partner has tested positive for HIV
  •   If you had unprotected sex with someone whose status is unknown

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Experiencing these symptoms after potential exposure?

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